装修住宅室内苯浓度的影响因素及模型研究

本文在对装修住宅室内苯浓度的影响因素进行综合分析的基础上,结合实验数据建立苯浓度模型。基于该数学模型,以装修住宅室内苯浓度数据为实例进行了模型验证,该模型的计算结果与实验结果基本一致,最后对模型的应用进行了探讨。     

Cd2+和Pb2+的单一和复合作用对菲律宾蛤仔的急性毒性效应研究

实验生态条件下采用半静态急性毒性实验的方法,比较研究了96 h内不同浓度Cd2+和Pb2+对菲律宾蛤仔(Rudi-tapes philippinarum)的急性毒性效应,分析了不同配比的两种重金属离子的复合作用对目标生物的影响。结果表明:(1)在单一污染物胁迫条件下,Cd2+、Pb2+对菲律宾蛤仔的96 h半数致死浓度LC50分别为4.740 mg/L和31.116 mg/L,其对应的安全质量浓度分别为0.677 mg/L、1.844 mg/L。Cd2+的毒性效应更强。(2)Cd2+和Pb2+的复合毒性效应表明:在所设定的不同浓度配比条件和实验时间下,Cd2+、Pb2+对目标生物均表现出明显的协同作用。     

平凉市道路噪声监测结果分析

本文通过对平凉市2008～2012年道路交通噪声进行统计、分析,并针对道路噪声控制提出解决措施。     

Characterization of chlorine dioxide as disinfectant for the removal of low concentration microcystins

Microcystins, which represents one kind of cancerogenic organic compounds, is abundant in eutrophication water. The effects of reaction factors on chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) for removal of low-concentration Microcystin-LR, Microcystin-RR, and Microcystin-YR in water as well as the reaction mechanisms was investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR could be efficiently decomposed by ClO₂. The degradation efficiency was shown positively correlated to the concentration of ClO₂ and reaction time; while the effect of reaction temperature and pH is slight. The kinetic constants and activation energies of the reaction of MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR with ClO₂ are determined as 459.89, 583.15, 488.43 L·(mol·min)⁻¹ and 64.78, 53.01, 59.15 kJ·mol⁻¹, respectively. As indicated by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) analysis, degradation should be accomplished via destruction of Adda group by oxidation, with the formation of dihydroxy substituendums as end products. This study has provided a fundamental demonstration of ClO₂ serving as oxidizing disinfectant to eliminate microcystins from raw water source.     

Adsorptive property of Cu^2＋-loaded montmorillonite clays for Escherichia coli K_（88） in vitro

The Cu²⁺-loaded montmorillonite clays (MMT-Cu) may be a good material for the adsorbed and eliminated pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution.     

浅析脱硫旁路挡板铅封实施后联锁保护逻辑的完善

根据国家环境保护部办公厅文件要求,需要对火电企业脱硫旁路挡板实施铅封。石灰石一石膏湿法脱硫工艺具有脱硫效果好、技术成熟等优点,在目前国内的燃煤发电机组中广为应用。旁路挡板作为连接主机与脱硫系统的关键设备,其正常投用不仅是脱硫系统能否正常投运的关键,更关系到脱硫系统本身甚至发电机组的安全。通过对旁路挡板联锁保护逻辑的分析．提出了实施旁路挡板铅封措施后旁路挡板的联锁保护措施的更改建议,使更改后的联锁保护逻辑更为完善。     

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.     

污染场地修复决策支持系统的几个关键问题探讨

场地土壤和地下水环境污染问题已成为近年来我国环境保护领域关注的焦点和热点.污染场地修复决策支持系统是在场地勘察与风险评估基础上,筛选最佳的修复技术,以制定经济高效的场地污染治理方案.本文探讨与分析修复决策系统的框架、模型、方法等关键环节,评估与总结了国际上现有40多种修复决策软件的模块及功能.针对我国场地污染问题,综合国际前沿的思想与理念,提出适合我国现阶段经济社会发展水平的决策支持系统开发思路.     

电化学法处理工业废水的现状与发展研究

随着工业的快速发展,如何对工业废水进行高效处理是我们需要解决的问题。电化学方法反应装置简单,反应效率高,不会产生二次污染。对中国工业废水目前常用的电化学处理技术的进展和应用进行了综述,包括电化学氧化、电化学还原、电絮凝、电渗析等内容,对国内外的研究成果的总结可知,电化学法对工业废水的处理效率较高,有一定的应用前景。同时对电化学法将来的重点研究方向提出了展望。     

江汉平原典型土壤环境中有机磷农药的分布特征及影响因素

为了研究江汉平原土壤中有机磷农药（OPPs）的分布特征,项目组于2015年9月在地下水监测场所在区域,采集了78个剖面土和7个表层土土样,通过气相色谱-氮磷检测器（GC-NPD）分析OPPs的含量,研究江汉平原土壤中OPPs的分布特征.结果表明,研究区土壤普遍存在OPPs,其中地表土中OPPs的含量范围为89.80~193.85 ng·g^-1,平均值为140.05 ng·g^-1;剖面土中OPPs的整体含量范围为19.81~138.28 ng·g^-1,平均值为40.99 ng·g^-1.地表土和剖面土中OPPs主要检出成分均为甲胺磷、氧化乐果、二嗪农和喹硫磷等,并且根据美国土壤农药残留限量标准,研究区土壤中10种OPPs的残留量已对农产品的安全构成威胁.研究区剖面土中∑OPPs分布为：水平方向,沿河农田剖面土 > 沿河非农田剖面土 > 中部农田剖面土,即：GS1-1 > GS4 > GS2 > GS3;垂直方向,大部分剖面土随着深度的增加整体上呈先减小后增大的趋势;研究区土壤中OPPs的分布受多种因素的影响：农业生产过程中施用OPPs的量、土壤对OPPs的吸附、解吸附作用、地下水的垂直运动、研究区的地形环境、土壤有机质的含量等.